Kisah Para Rasul 2:23

2:23 this man, who was handed over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you executed ¹  by nailing him to a cross at the hands of Gentiles. ² 

Kisah Para Rasul 4:27-28

4:27 “For indeed both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, assembled together in this city against ³  your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed, ⁴  4:28 to do as much as your power ⁵  and your plan ⁶  had decided beforehand ⁷  would happen.

Kisah Para Rasul 4:1

The Arrest and Trial of Peter and John

4:1 While Peter and John ⁸  were speaking to the people, the priests and the commander ⁹  of the temple guard ¹⁰  and the Sadducees ¹¹  came up ¹²  to them,

1 Petrus 2:8

2:8 and a stumbling-stone ¹³  and a rock to trip over. ¹⁴  They stumble ¹⁵  because they disobey the word, as they were destined to do. ¹⁶ 

[2:23]  ¹ tn Or “you killed.”

[2:23]  ² tn Grk “at the hands of lawless men.” At this point the term ἄνομος (anomo") refers to non-Jews who live outside the Jewish (Mosaic) law, rather than people who broke any or all laws including secular laws. Specifically it is a reference to the Roman soldiers who carried out Jesus’ crucifixion.

[4:27]  ³ sn The application of Ps 2:1-2 is that Jews and Gentiles are opposing Jesus. The surprise of the application is that Jews are now found among the enemies of God’s plan.

[4:27]  ⁴ sn A wordplay on “Christ,” v. 26, which means “one who has been anointed.”

[4:28]  ⁵ tn Grk “hand,” here a metaphor for God’s strength or power or authority.

[4:28]  ⁶ tn Or “purpose,” “will.”

[4:28]  ⁷ tn Or “had predestined.” Since the term “predestine” is something of a technical theological term, not in wide usage in contemporary English, the translation “decide beforehand” was used instead (see L&N 30.84). God’s direction remains as the major theme.

[4:1]  ⁸ tn Grk “While they”; the referents (Peter and John) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

[4:1]  ⁹ tn Or “captain.”

[4:1]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “the official of the temple,” a title for the commander of the Jewish soldiers guarding the temple (thus the translation, “the commander of the temple guard”). See L&N 37.91.

[4:1]  sn The commander of the temple guard was the title of the officer commanding the Jewish soldiers responsible for guarding and keeping order in the temple courts in Jerusalem.

[4:1]  ¹¹ sn The Sadducees controlled the official political structures of Judaism at this time, being the majority members of the Sanhedrin. They were known as extremely strict on law and order issues (Josephus, J. W. 2.8.2 [2.119], 2.8.14 [2.164-166]; Ant. 13.5.9 [13.171-173], 13.10.6 [13.293-298], 18.1.2 [18.11], 18.1.4 [18.16-17], 20.9.1 [20.199]; Life 2 [10-11]). See also Matt 3:7; 16:1-12; 22:23-34; Mark 12:18-27; Luke 20:27-38; Acts 5:17; 23:6-8.

[4:1]  ¹² tn Or “approached.” This verb often denotes a sudden appearing (BDAG 418 s.v. ἐφίστημι 1).

[2:8]  ¹³ tn Grk “a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense.” The latter phrase uses the term σκάνδαλον (skandalon), denoting an obstacle to faith, something that arouses anger and rejection.

[2:8]  ¹⁴ sn A quotation from Isa 8:14.

[2:8]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “who stumble,” referring to “those who do not believe” in vs. 7. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

[2:8]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “to which they were also destined.”